Curriculum Vitae
Robert L. Munroe

104 Broad Hall
Pitzer College
Claremont, CA 91711

Phone: (909) 607-4500

ACADEMIC POSITION   Research Professor of Anthropology, Pitzer College
DEGREES A.B 1958, University of California, Berkeley, Anthropology
  Ph.D.

1964, Harvard University, Social Anthropology (Dept. of Social Relations)

TEACHING and RESEARCH INTERESTS   Psychological anthropology, comparative studies, human development, ecological anthropology, methodology, East Africa, contemporary U.S.
     
GRANTS, AWARDS, and HONORS
  1958 Departmental Citation (Department of Anthropology, University of California, Berkeley)
—awarded each year to a graduating senior.
  1958 Phi Beta Kappa (University of California, Berkeley).
  1958-59 Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship.
  1959 Social Science Research Council Grant for Summer Training in Field Work.
  1959-60 Willard Scholarship (Harvard).
  1960-64 Predoctoral Research Fellowship, N.I.M.H.
  1965-66 Research Grant: Early Experience and Cross-Sex Identity among Black Carib Children. From Claremont Graduate School Research and Publications Committee.
  1967-68 Research Grant: East African Research Seminar (with George K. Park, Pitzer College, and William Sytek, Pomona College).
  1968-69 Research Grant: Socialization and Personality in East Africa. From National Institute of Mental Health.
  1969 Research Grant: Psychological Needs and the Rise of Institutions: An Experimental Approach (with William L. Faust, Pomona College). From Intercollegiate Research Committee of the Claremont Colleges.
  1969 Research Grant: Effects of Population Density on Food Imagery in Three East African Societies (with Ruth H. Munroe). From the Society for the Psychological Study of Social Issues.
  1969-present Research Grants. From Research and Awards Committee, Pitzer College.
  1972-73 Research Grant: Socialization and Child Development. From National Institute of Mental Health.
  1977-82 Research Grants: Sociobehavioral Factors in Role Determination Across Cultures. From National Science Foundation.
  1982 Research Grant: Children's Work in Four Cultures: Causes and Consequences. Pitzer College Summer Fellowship.
  1983 Research Grant: The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism: An African Case. Pitzer College Summer Fellowship.
  1985 Fellowship: The Use of Time and Its Implications: Culture, Age, and Sex as Meaningful Factors. John Randolph Haynes and Dora Haynes Foundation Summer Fellowship in Social Sciences.
  1986 Award: Scholar in Residence for 1987-88, Pitzer College.
  1987 Grant for Conference on Cross-Cultural and Comparative Research (with Carol Ember, Melvin Ember, Joseph Jorgensen, and Douglas White). From National Science Foundation.
  1988-89 Supplement to Grant for Conference: For Undergraduate Training in Research. From National Science Foundation.
  1990-93 Grant for Summer Institutes in Comparative Anthropological Research (with Carol Ember and Michael Burton). From National Science Foundation.
  1991-92 Research and Training Grant: Datasets on Childhood Sex Typing and the Couvade. From National Science Foundation.
  1991-93 Supplement to Research Grant: For Undergraduate Training in Research. From National Science Foundation.
  1993 Election as Fellow of American Association for the Advancement of Science.
  1995 Oral History Project Interview (with Ruth H. Munroe). Deposited by Society for Research in Child Development in SRCD Archives in the National Library of Medicine.
  1996-98 Grant for Summer Institutes in Comparative Anthropological Research (with Carol Ember and Michael Burton). From National Science Foundation.
  1997 Dedication of Ruth and Lee Munroe Laboratory for Cross-Cultural Research, Broad Hall, Pitzer College.
     
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE
  1964-present Pitzer College
  2003 Member, Advisory Board, Encyclopedia of Men and Women under editorship of Melvin and Carol Ember
  1999-2002 Member, Finance Committee, American Anthropological Association
  1999-2002 Member, Stirling Prize Committee, Society for Psychological Anthropology
  1996-97 Executive Board, American Anthropological Association.
  1996-98 Instructor, NSF Summer Institute in Comparative Anthropological Research, Pitzer College.
  1995-97 President, Society for Psychological Anthropology.
  1993-present Editorial Board, Cross-Cultural Research.
  1991-93 Selection Panel, Prize for Behavioral Science Research, American Association for the Advancement of Science.
  1991-93 Instructor, NSF Summer Institute in Comparative Anthropological Research, UCLA, UCI.
  1990-91 President, Society for Cross-Cultural Research.
  1988-present Editorial Board, World Cultures.
  1987-90 Cultural Anthropology panel, National Science Foundation.
  1986-88 Faculty Advocate. Participant in Faculty Advocate Program of the Office of Black Student Affairs and Pitzer College.
  1983-86 Editorial advisor, Academic Press Studies in Comparative Human Development, under editorship of Charles M. Super and Sara Harkness.
  1981-83 Board of Directors, Society for Psychological Anthropology.
  1980 Mental Health Small Grant Review Committee, N.I.M.H.
  1979 Field Work. Nepal: Newars.
  1978 Field Work. East Africa: Logoli; Belize: Black Carib; American Samoa: Samoans.
  1976-78 Selection panel, Stirling Award in Culture and Personality.
  1970-71 Field Director, Child Development Research Unit, University of Nairobi.
  1966-67 Lecturer in Social Psychology, Makerere University College, University of East Africa.
  1966-67 Field Work. East Africa: Logoli.
  1962-63 Field Work. British Honduras: Black Carib.
  1959-64 Research Assistant and N.I.M.H. Predoctoral Fellow, Laboratory of Human Development, Harvard University. Training in social-anthropological and psychological-anthropological research methods, under the direction of John W. M. Whiting and Beatrice B. Whiting.
  1959 Field Work (S.S.R.C. Summer Training Program). San Juan Pueblo, New Mexico. Summer Field Study among Tewa-speaking Puebloans.
     
PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES
   
  • American Anthropological Association
  • Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science
  • American Ethnological Society
  • Society for Cross-Cultural Research
  • Society for Psychological Anthropology
  • Southwestern Anthropological Association
     
PUBLICATIONS*
  *All papers through 1997 co-authored with Ruth H. Munroe except where asterisked.
  Doctoral Dissertation
  1964 Couvade Practices of the Black Carib: A Psychological Study.*
     
  Books, Monographs, and Edited Volumes
1. 1973 Editor, Winter 1973 issue of Ethos (Volume 1, No. 4), in honor of John W. M. Whiting.
2. 1975 Cross-Cultural Human Development. Monterey, California. Brooks/Cole.
--Reprinted in book club edition by Jason Aronson, Publishers, 1977.
--Portions of Chapter 8 reprinted in Participant, 1977, 10 (No. 1).
--Portions of Chapter 7 reprinted in Exploring the Ways of Mankind (3rd ed.), ---- Walter Goldschmidt, Ed., Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1977.
--Reissued, with new preface, by Waveland Press, 1994.
3. 1981 Editor (with Beatrice B. Whiting), Handbook of Cross-Cultural Human Development. New York: Garland.
4. 1988 Collaborative contributor (with others), Children of Different Worlds, by Beatrice B. Whiting and Carolyn Pope Edwards. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
5. 1989 Logoli Time Allocation (Vol. 5. Series Editor: Allen Johnson). New Haven: HRAF Press.
--Revised, 1991.
6. 1990 Black Carib Time Allocation (Vol. 6. Series Editor: Allen Johnson). New Haven: HRAF Press.
7. 1990 Samoan Time Allocation (Vol. 8. Series Editor: Allen Johnson). New Haven: HRAF Press.
8. 1997 Newar Time Allocation (with JoAnne Shwayder and Guadalupe Arias). (Vol. 12. Series Editor: Allen Johnson). New Haven: HRAF Press.
9. in press Ethnographic Setting: The Major Sociocultural Forms of the Black Carib of Punta Gorda, British Honduras. New Haven: Human Relations Area Files
     
  Chapters in Books
1. 1972 Africa (with Robert A. LeVine). In Psychological Anthropology (2nd ed.), F.L.K. Hsu, Ed. Cambridge, MA: Schenkman. Pp. 71-120.
2. 1980 Perspectives Suggested by Anthropological Data. In Handbook of Cross-Cultural Psychology (Vol. 1), Harry C. Triandis and William W. Lambert, Eds. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Pp. 253-317.
--Tables 7-1 to 7-4 reprinted in A History of Marriage Systems, by G. Robina Quale. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1987.
3. 1981 Male Sex-Role Resolutions (with John W.M. Whiting). In Handbook of Cross-Cultural Human Development, R. H. Munroe, R. L. Munroe, and B. B. Whiting, Eds. New York: Garland. Pp. 611-632.
--Reprinted in Culture and Human Development. The selected papers of John Whiting. Edited by Eleanor Hollenberg Chasdi. Cambridge University Press, 1994.
4. 1986 Field Work in Cross-Cultural Psychology. In Field Methods in Cross-Cultural Research, John W. Berry and Walter J. Lonner, Eds. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. Pp. 111-136.
5 1989 Birth Order and Its Psychological Correlates in East Africa. In The Content of Culture: Constants and Variants, Ralph Bolton, Ed. Studies in honor of John M. Roberts. New Haven: HRAF Press. Pp. 271-319.
6. 1992 Fathers in Children's Environments: A Four-Culture Study. In Father-Child Relations: Cultural and Biosocial Contexts, Barry S. Hewlett, Ed. New York: Aldine de Gruyter. Pp. 213-229.
7. 1994 Behavior Across Cultures: Results From Observational Studies. In Readings in Psychology and Culture, Walter J. Lonner and Roy S. Malpass, Eds. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. pp. 107-111.
8. 1994 Field Observations of Behavior as a Cross-Cultural Method. In Handbook of Psychological Anthropology, Philip K. Bock, Ed., Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. Pp. 255-277.
9. 1997 A Comparative Anthropological Perspective. In Handbook of Cross-Cultural Psychology (Vol. I) (2nd ed.), John W. Berry, Ype H. Poortinga, and Janak Pandey, Eds., Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Pp. 171-213.
10. 1997 Logoli Childhood and the Cultural Reproduction of Sex Differentiation. In African Families and the Crisis of Social Change, Thomas S. Weisner, Candice Bradley, and Philip Kilbride, Eds., Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey. Pp. 299-314.
11. 2001 Comparative Approaches to Psychological Anthropology (with Ruth H. Munroe). In The Psychology of Cultural Experience, Holly Mathews and Carmella Moore, Eds., Cambridge, Eng.: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 223-237.
     
  Articles
1. 1967 The Understanding of Pictures - A Simple Skill? Kenya Education Journal 2 (12), 21-22.
2. 1969 A Cross-Cultural Study of Sex Gender and Social Structure. Ethnology 8, 206-211.
3. 1969 Institutionalized Male Transvestism and Sex Distinctions* (with J.W.M. Whiting and D.J. Hally). American Anthropologist 71, 87-91.
4. 1969 Effect of Status and Values on Estimation of Coin Size in Two East African Societies (with Robert E. Daniels). Journal of Social Psychology 77, 25-34.
5. 1969 Effects of Population Density on Food Concerns in Three East African Societies (with Sara B. Nerlove and Robert E. Daniels). Journal of Health and Social Behavior 10, 161-171.
6. 1969 Reading Pictures: A Cross-Cultural Perspective. In Claremont Reading Conference Yearbook, M.P. Douglass, Ed. Pp. 67-72.
7. 1971 Household Density and Infant Care in an East African Society. Journal of Social Psychology 83, 3-13.
--Reprinted in Culture and Personality, Robert A. LeVine, Ed. Aldine: 1974.
8. 1971 Effect of Environmental Experience on Spatial Ability in an East African Society. Journal of Social Psychology 83, 15-22.
--Reprinted in Human Behavior and the Environment: Interactions Between Man and His Physical World, John H. Sims and Duane D. Baumann, Eds. Chicago: Maaroufa, 1974.
9. 1971 Effect of Environmental Experience on Spatial Ability: A Replication (with Sara B. Nerlove). Journal of Social Psychology 84, 3-10.
10. 1971 Male Pregnancy Symptoms and Cross-Sex Identity in Three Societies. Journal of Social Psychology 84, 11-25.
11. 1971 Overrepresentation of Firstborns in East African Secondary Schools. Journal of Social Psychology 84, 151-152.
12. 1972 Population Density and Affective Relationships in Three East African Societies. Journal of Social Psychology 84, 15-20.
13. 1972 Obedience Among Children in an East African Society. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 3, 395-399.
14. 1973 Male Pregnancy Symptoms and Cross-Sex Identity: Two Replications (with Sara B. Nerlove). Journal of Social Psychology 89, 147-148.
15. 1973 Relation of Subsistence Economy to Conformity in Three East African Societies (with Robert E. Daniels). Journal of Social Psychology 89, 149-150.
16. 1973 The Couvade: A Psychological Analysis (with John W.M. Whiting). Ethos 1, 30-74.
17. 1973 Psychological Interpretation of Male Initiation Ceremonies: The Case of Male Pregnancy Symptoms. Ethos 1, 490-498.
18. 1973 Population Density and Movement in Folktales. Journal of Social Psychology 91, 339-340.
19. 1975 Levels of Obedience Among U.S. and East African Children on an Experimental Task. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 6, 498-503.
20. 1976 Relation of Subsistence Economy to a Cognitive Task in Two East African Societies (with Robert E. Daniels). Journal of Social Psychology 98, 133-134.
21. 1976 A Sex Difference in Shape Preference (with Leonard M. Lansky). Journal of Social Psychology 98, 139-140.
22. 1976 Coins and Countries: The Value-Size Hypothesis (with Jan Hitchcock). Journal of Social Psychology 100, 307-308.
23. 1976 Pastoralism and Personality: An Andean Replication (with Charlene Bolton, Ralph Bolton, Lorraine Gross, Amy Koel, and Carol Michelson). Ethos 4, 463-481.
24. 1976 Psychological Determinants of Institutions in a Laboratory Micro-Culture* (with William L. Faust). Ethos 4, 449-462..
25. 1977 Cooperation and Competition Among East African and American Children. Journal of Social Psychology 101, 145-146.
26. 1977 Sex of Dream Characters in East Africa. Journal of Social Psychology 103, 149-150.
27. 1977 Male Transvestism and Subsistence Economy. Journal of Social Psychology 103, 307-308.
28. 1977 Land, Labor, and the Child's Cognitive Performance Among the Logoli. American Ethnologist 4, 309-320.
29. 1978 Compliance Socialization and Short-Term Memory in an East African Society. Journal of Social Psychology 104, 135-136.
30. 1978 Games and the Values of Athletes in United States Culture* (with Mary Conroy). Current Anthropology 19, 152.
31. 1980 Household Structure and Socialization Practices. Journal of Social Psychology 111, 293-294.
32. 1980 Research in Non-Western Societies. Participant 14 (No. 2), 3-7.
33. 1980 Male Transvestism and the Couvade: A Psycho-Cultural Analysis.* Ethos 8, 49-59.
34. 1980 Infant Experience and Childhood Affect Among the Logoli: A Longitudinal Study. Ethos 8, 295-315.
35. 1981 Male Pregnancy Symptoms and Sex-Identity Conflict in Nepal and Samoa. Journal of Social Psychology 115, 133-134.
36. 1982 The Development of Sex-Gender Constancy Among Children in Four Cultures. In Diversity and Unity in Cross-Cultural Psychology. R. Rath, H.S. Asthana, D. Sinha, and J.B.H. Sinha, Eds. Lisse, The Netherlands: Swets and Zeitlinger. Pp. 272-280.
37. 1983 Drawings and Values in Three East African Societies. Journal of Social Psychology 119, 135-136.
38. 1983 Birth Order and Intellectual Development in East Africa. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 14, 3-16.
39. 1983 Time Allocation in Four Societies (with Carol Michelson, Amy Koel, Ralph Bolton, and Charlene Bolton). Ethnology 22, 355-370.
40. 1984 Household Density and Holding of Infants in Samoa and Nepal. Journal of Social Psychology 122, 135-136.
41. 1984 Health and Wealth in Four Societies. Journal of Social Psychology 123, 135-136.
42. 1984 The Development of Sex Differences: A Cross-Cultural Study. Participant 19, 12-13.
43. 1984 Birth Order and Intellectual Performance in Three East African Societies. Journal of Social Psychology 123, 273-274.
44. 1984 Gender Understanding and Sex Role Preference in Four Cultures (with Harold S. Shimmin). Developmental Psychology 20, 673-682.
45. 1984 Children's Work in Four Cultures: Determinants and Consequences (with Harold S. Shimmin). American Anthropologist 86, 369-379.
46. 1984 Infant Experience and Childhood Cognition: A Longitudinal Study Among the Logoli. Ethos 12, 291-306.
47. 1985 Precursors of Spatial Ability: A Longitudinal Study in East Africa (with Anne Brasher). Journal of Social Psychology 125, 23-33.
48. 1985 Sex Differences in East African Dreams (with Anne Brasher, Todd Severin, Diana Schweickart, and Roland S. Moore). Journal of Social Psychology 125, 405-406.
49. 1986 The Protestant Ethic and Achievement: An African Case. Journal of Psychology 120, 447-455.
50. 1987 The Couvade and Male Pregnancy Symptoms. In Growth and Progress in Cross-Cultural Psychology. C. Kagitcibasi, Ed. Lisse, Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger. Pp. 394-402.
51. 1989 Sex Differences in East African Dreams of Aggression (with John Turner, Edward Zaron, Heather A. Potter, and Emily J. Woulbroun). Journal of Social Psychology 129, 727-728.
52. 1989 Response to Broude on the Couvade. American Anthropologist 91, 730-735.
53. 1989 Independence of Action and Measured Cognitive Performance among Children from Four Cultures (with Peter D. Gowdy). Selected papers from Proceedings of the 9th International Conference of the International Association for Cross-Cultural Psychology. Daphne Keats, Donald Munro, and Leon Mann, Eds. Amsterdam: Swets and Zeitlinger. Pp. 382-391.
54. 1991 Results of Comparative Field Studies. Behavior Science Research 25, 23-54.
55. 1991 Comparative Field Studies: Methodological Issues and Future Possibilities. Behavior Science Research 25, 155-185.
56. 1992 Friendliness: Sex Differences in East African Dreams. Journal of Social Psychology 132, 401-402.
57. 1992 Commentary on Nature-Culture Parallelisms (1991 Presidential Address, Society for Cross-Cultural Research.) Behavior Science Research 26, 137-162.
58. 1993 Effects of Early Father Absence on Attentional Behavior: A Follow-up Analysis in Four Cultures (with Ann Suppe and Amy Muhm). Journal of Social Psychology 133, 863-864.
59. 1994 Masculinity-Femininity in East African Dreams and Personality (with John Harrelson and Thanh Bui). Journal of Social Psychology 134, 127-128.
60. 1996 Cross-Cultural Correlates of the Consonant-Vowel (CV) Syllable (with Stephen Winters). Cross-Cultural Research 30, 60-83.
61. 1996 Child Development. In Encyclopedia of Cultural Anthropology. (Vol. 1). David Levinson and Melvin Ember, Eds. New York: Henry Holt. Pp. 193-198.
62. 1997 Infant Experience and Late-Childhood Dispositions: An Eleven-Year Follow-up among the Logoli of Kenya (with Erika Westling and Jennifer Rosenberg). Ethos 25, 359-372.
63. 1999 Some Psychological Correlates of Population Density in East Africa (with Ruth Munroe and Kris Vutpakdi). Journal of Social Psychology, 139, 392-393.
64. 1999 Climate and the Consonant-Vowel (CV) Syllable: A Replication Within Language Families (with Megan Silander). Cross-Cultural Research 33, 43-62.
65. 1999 A Behavioral Orientation. Ethos 27, 104-114.
66. 2000 Anthropology. In Encyclopedia of Psychology. Alfred E. Kazdin, Ed. Washington, D.C. and New York: APA and Oxford U. Press, Vol. 1, pp. 188-191.
67. 2000 Ethnography. In Encyclopedia of Psychology. Alfred E. Kazdin, Ed. Washington, D.C. and New York: APA and Oxford U. Press, Vol. 3, pp. 267-269.
68. 2000 Cognitive Anthropology (with Carmella C. Moore). In Encyclopedia of Psychology. Alfred E. Kazdin, Ed. Washington, D.C. and New York: APA and Oxford U. Press, Vol. 2, 132-135.
69. 2000 Aggression Among Young Children in Four Cultures (with Robert Hulefeld, James M. Rodgers, Damon L. Tomeo, and Steven K. Yamazaki). Cross-Cultural Research 34, 3-25.
70. 2000 Rhythmicity or Sonority: Response to Ember and Ember's "Cross-Language Predictors of Consonant-Vowel Syllables" (with Carmen Fought and John Fought). American Anthropologist 102, 844-848.
71. 2001 Why the Paraphilias? Domesticating Strange Sex (with Mary Gauvain). Cross-Cultural Research 35, 44-64.
72. 2001 Father Absence, Social Structure, and Attention Allocation in Children. Ethos 29, 315-328.
73. submitted Sonority and Climate in a World Sample of Languages (with John Fought, Carmen Fought, and Erin Good).
74. submitted Parallels in Social Hierarchy and Interpersonal Behavior: A Four-Culture Study.
75. submitted Homestead Size, Gender, and Aggression among Gusii Children (with Sara B. Nerlove).
76. submitted Sulloway's Birth-order Hypothesis, Dreams, and the Big Five in East Africa (with Cynthia Cagle, Georgia Hartman, Sylvia Martinez, and Kristjana Eyólfsson).
     
  Book Reviews and Notes
1. 1976 Beyond Cultural Relativism. Review of Ronald P. Rohner, They Love Me, They Love Me Not. Reviews in Anthropology 3, 517-524.
2. 1976 Sociobiology: Another View. Comment on Chapple's review of E. O. Wilson Sociobiology. Reviews in Anthropology 3, 556-558.
3. 1976 Altruistic Ethics. Comment on Donald T. Campbell, "On the Conflicts Between Biological and Social Evolution and Between Psychology and Moral Tradition." Zygon 11, 212-214.
4. 1979 Review of film Maragoli. American Anthropologist 81, 733-734.
5. 1981 Review of Michael P. Hamnett and Richard W. Brislin (Eds.), Research in Culture Learning: Language and Conceptual Studies. American Anthropologist 83, 655-656.
6. 1982 Looking Across Cultures to See Ourselves. Review of David Levinson and Martin J. Malone, Toward Explaining Human Culture; and of Barbara Lloyd and John Gay (Eds.), Universals of Human Thought. Contemporary Psychology 27, 514-516.
7. 1983 Review of Gustav Jahoda, Psychology and Anthropology. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 14, 501-505.
8. 1987 Review of Thomas Gregor, Anxious Pleasures. The Journal of Psychoanalytic Anthropology 10, 68-72.
9. 1987 Review of Suzanne G. Frayser, Varieties of Sexual Experience. American Anthropologist 89, 235-236.
10. 1988 Review of Barbara Butler and Diane Michalski Turner (Eds.), Children and Anthropological Research. American Anthropologist 90, 223-224.
11. 1991 Review of Nancy Scheper-Hughes (Ed.), Child Survival. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 22, 543-544.
12. 1992 Review of Barry S. Hewlett, Intimate Fathers. Anthropos 87, 278-279.
13. 1992 Review of Hiram Caton (Ed.), The Samoa Reader. American Ethnologist 19, 604-605.
14. 1995 Rejecting Malthus in Africa. Anthropology Newsletter 36 (No. 5), 12.
15. 1995 Psychological Anthropology, Science, and SPA.* Anthropology Newsletter 36 (No. 7), 22.
16. 1996 Review of Robert A. LeVine et al., Child Care and Culture: Lessons from Africa. World Psychology 2, 121-122.
17. 1998 Checking Chick on Cultural Complexity: A New Finding. Comment on Garry Chick, "Leisure and Culture: Issues for an Anthropology of Leisure." Leisure Studies 20, 159-160.
18. 1999 Commentary on Patricia Greenfield, Historical Change and Developmental Change. Mind, Culture, and Activity 6, 113-116.
19. 2000 Obituary for John W. M. Whiting. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 31, 157-159.
20. 2000 Undergraduate Apprenticeship in Research. Anthropology News 41 (No. 6), 32.